دانلود پاورپوینت joints

نوع فایل: ppt _ pptx ( پاورپوینت )

( قابلیت ویرایش )

قسمتی از اسلاید :

تعداد اسلاید : 85 صفحه

human body bones and joints Joint is a point of connection between two bones Strands of connective tissue, ligaments, hold the bones together and ensure the stability of joints joints of human body Functions of the joints: Allowing movements of body segments by providing the bones with a mean of moving or rather of being moved. 2) Providing stability without interfering with the desired motion. The function of the joints depends upon: The shape of the contours of the contacting surfaces. How well it fits together.
Joints are classified according to their motion capabilities: Synarthroses Immovable Amphiarthroses Slightly movable Diarthroses Allow the greatest amount of motion Joints are further classified by the material : Fibrous joint Allow no movement E.g.
sutures of the scull Cartilaginous joints Allow limited movement E.g.
intervertebral discs Synovial joints Allow large range of movements E.g.
hip joint Synovial Joints includes : Hyaline cartilage A protective layer of dense white connective tissue that covers the ends of the articulating bones Joint cavity Synovial membrane Covers joint cavity, except over the surfaces of the articular cartilages Secretes the lubrication fluid Synovial fluid Lubricates the joint Capsule May or may not have thickenings called intrinsic ligaments Extrinsic ligaments Support the joint and connect the articulating bones of the joint Joints are classified According to the degree of freedom of movement One degree of freedom of movement. Two degree of freedom of movement. Three degree of freedom of movement. According to the number of axis of rotation: Uniaxial. Biaxial. Multiaxial. Types of synovial joints Movements of Synovial Joints Flexion and extension Abduction and adduction Elevation and depression Protractions and retraction Circumduction Rotation Pronation and supination Joint Capsule Also called the articular capsule Forms an envelope surrounding synovial joints Made of two layers Outside layer of dense fibrous tissue Inside layer of loose fibrous tissue Lined with a synovial membrane Secretes synovial fluid that lubricates the joint Help to hold bones together across synovial joints Fairly tough and inelastic Loose enough so as not to restrict normal joint movement articular cartilage Capsule : The joint capsule is vital to the function of synovial joints It seals the joint space passive stability by limiting movements active stability via its proprioceptive nerve endings It varies in thickness according to the stresses to which it is subject The capsule is often injured, leading to laxity, constriction and/or adhesion to surrounding structures Intraarticular disc (menisci) are found in several synovial joints of body Tibiofemoral Distal radioulnar Sternoclav

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